Humanoid Robotics Industry Datasheet 2025-2026 | humanoid.press

Humanoid Robotics Industry Datasheet

Comprehensive supplier directory, technical specifications, and business intelligence for purchasing managers and industry professionals. Market-leading resource for sourcing components, tracking partnerships, and monitoring regulatory compliance in the humanoid robotics sector.

VERSION: 2025-2026 Q1
UPDATED: February 15, 2026
COVERAGE: Global
⚡ Live Document Notice
This datasheet is continuously updated with the latest supplier information, partnership announcements, certification updates, and market intelligence. Bookmark this page for regular updates on component availability, pricing trends, and regulatory developments in the humanoid robotics industry.

Market Overview

Current state of the global humanoid robotics industry

$7.3B
H1 2025 Deal Value
660K
Projected 2030 Production
$11.5B
2030 Harmonic Drive Market
90%
China Market Share (2026)

Production Forecasts

  • 2025-2026 13,000-16,000 units shipped
  • 2027 100,000+ cumulative units
  • 2030 660,000 units annually
  • Long-term Tens of millions of units (trillion-yuan market)

Key Market Drivers

  • Labor Shortages Critical driver in manufacturing and logistics
  • AI Integration Advanced computer vision and LLM-driven planning
  • Reshoring Supply chain localization trends
  • Cost Reduction Target: $10,000-$30,000 per unit

Core Components Directory

Essential components for humanoid robot manufacturing

1. Harmonic Drives / Strain Wave Gears

Function: Critical transmission components that convert high-speed, low-torque motor output into low-speed, high-torque joint movement. Each humanoid robot requires 14-28 harmonic drives depending on configuration.

Key Specifications:

  • Transmission Ratio 50:1 to 160:1 typical
  • Backlash <20 arcsec (near-zero backlash)
  • Positioning Accuracy ±10 arcsec repeatability, ±30 arcsec absolute
  • Transmission Efficiency >80%
  • Service Life >10,000 hours at rated load

Applications in Humanoid Robots:

• Tesla Optimus: 14 rotary actuators (14 harmonic drives)
• Lower arm, wrist, hand, and all major joints
• Hip, knee, ankle joints for bipedal locomotion

2. Precision Motors (DC, BLDC, Frameless Torque Motors)

Function: High-power-density motors providing actuation for robot joints. Critical for achieving human-like movement with minimal weight and volume.

  • Motor Types BLDC (brushless DC), Frameless torque motors, DC micromotors
  • Power Density Maximum torque in minimal dimensions
  • Typical Sizes 16mm-32mm diameter for hand/wrist, larger for major joints
  • Voltage Range DC24V-DC48V typical for robot joints
  • Control Interface EtherCAT, CANopen protocols

3. Encoders (Rotary & Linear Position Feedback)

Function: Provide precise position, velocity, and acceleration feedback for servo control systems. Essential for accurate joint positioning and balance control.

  • Technologies Optical, Magnetic (non-contact), Inductive
  • Resolution 4,096-40,000 steps per revolution
  • Accuracy ±0.1° positioning, 0.007° repeatability
  • Interfaces EnDat 2.2, BiSS, SSI, Incremental (A/B/Z)
  • Dual Encoder Config Motor-side + output-side for full closed-loop control

Critical Applications: Balance control (ZMP calculation), torque sensing, joint angle precision, compensation for gear elasticity

4. Tactile Sensors & Force/Torque Sensors

Function: Give robots the sense of touch, enabling delicate object manipulation, slip detection, and safe human-robot interaction.

  • Technologies Capacitive 3D tactile, Optical (GelSight), Resistive, Piezoelectric
  • Sensing Points 12-64 sensing elements per module
  • Force Resolution 0.1 gram-force (gf) sensitivity
  • Measurement Axes 3-axis (X, Y, Z) for pressure + shear forces
  • Coverage Fingertips, phalanges, palms (241+ sensors per hand in advanced systems)
  • Interfaces I²C, SPI, USB, Bluetooth 5.0, ROS/ROS2 compatible

Capabilities: Contact detection, force magnitude/direction, slip detection, object shape/texture recognition, temperature sensing

5. Planetary Gearheads

High-precision reduction gears for applications where harmonic drives are not required. Used in combination with motors for optimized torque/speed output.

Specs: Various reduction ratios, compact design, compatible with FAULHABER and similar motor systems

6. Control Electronics

Motion controllers, motor drivers, and servo controllers. Support real-time control loops, safety functions, and communication protocols.

Features: Embedded drive units, EtherCAT/CANopen support, dynamic PID adjustment, functional safety (SIL rated)

7. Linear Actuators

Planetary roller screw technology for high force density and shock load resistance during dynamic movements like walking.

Applications: Hip/leg actuation, lifting mechanisms, gripper systems

8. Battery Systems

High-capacity lithium-ion battery packs (4680 cells in Tesla Optimus Gen 3). Designed for 8+ hour operation on a single charge.

Requirements: Lightweight, high energy density, fast charging capability

9. Vision Systems

Cameras, depth sensors, and computer vision systems for navigation, object recognition, and manipulation.

Technologies: Stereo cameras, LiDAR, structured light, neural net processing

10. IMU & Sensors

Inertial Measurement Units, gyroscopes, accelerometers for balance and orientation tracking.

Critical for: Zero-moment point (ZMP) calculation, fall prevention, dynamic balance

Global Supplier Directory

Verified manufacturers and distributors for humanoid robotics components

Category 1 Harmonic Drives & Strain Wave Gears

Supplier Location Product Lines Certifications Contact
Harmonic Drive LLC HQ: Beverly, MA, USA
Offices: Oak Park IL, San Jose CA, Long Island NY
CSG Lightweight component sets, precision servo actuators, gearheads
Custom Solutions
ISO 9001 AS9100 harmonicdrive.net
Tel: +1-978-532-1800
Sales engineers available
PICEA Motion / Shenzhen Shan Chuan Harmonic Drive Shenzhen, Guangming District, China 11 harmonic drive series, 300+ models
HMCG, HMHG, HMCD, HMHD Series (Cup & Hat Type)
Cost Advantage High Torque Series
Breaking Foreign Monopolies piceamotiondrive.com
Building B1, PICEA Group Industrial Park
500+ customers worldwide
Junhua (PEEK Components) China PEEK-based harmonic drive components
PEEK5600CF30 circular splines
Lightweight Solutions Weight Reduction
Material Specialist junhuapeek.com
Full production chain
Nabtesco Japan (Global) RV reducers, Precision reduction gears
Industrial Leader
Industry Standard Major robotics OEM supplier

Category 2 Precision Motors & Actuators

Supplier Location Product Lines Key Features Contact
FAULHABER Global: Germany HQ
USA: Clearwater, FL
DC Motors (2224 SR, 2232 SR, 1627 GXR series)
BLDC Motors (BXT flat motor series)
Linear Motors, Stepper Motors
SXR family for robotic hands (16mm compliance)
50+ Years Experience
Max performance in minimal dimensions
Precision gearheads, encoders included
Clean room assembly available
IEF3-4096 magnetic encoders
Custom engineering support
faulhaber.com
14881 Evergreen Ave, Clearwater FL
Global robotics specialist
HONPINE China BLDC Harmonic Drive Servo Motors
Integrated frameless torque motors
Robot Joint Motors
Integrated Solutions
DC24V-DC48V voltage range
Zero-backlash design
Dual encoder systems
EtherCAT, CANopen protocols
Temperature sensors embedded
Available through Oz Robotics
ozrobotics.com
Maxon Motor Switzerland (Global) Brushless DC motors
Precision gearheads
Control electronics
High power density
Space-grade heritage
Medical/robotics focused
maxongroup.com
Shenzhen Mosrac Motor Shenzhen, China Frameless motors
Housed direct drive rotary motors
Cost Competitive
Design & manufacturing
Custom configurations
Humanoid robotics supplier

Category 3 Encoders & Position Feedback Systems

Supplier Location Product Lines Technologies Contact
HEIDENHAIN Global: Germany HQ
USA: Schaumburg, IL
KCI 120 Dplus dual encoder
KCI 1300 / KBI 1300 inductive
ECA 4000 angle encoders
ECI 119 absolute rotary
R35i / R35iL incremental (40,000 steps/rev)
Industry Standard
Optical scanning
Inductive (contamination resistant)
EnDat 2.2 interface with functional safety
Condition monitoring
Linear encoders up to 30m
heidenhain.com
heidenhain.us
Global leader in encoders
Renishaw (RLS) UK (Global)
RLS: Slovenia
AksIM™ absolute magnetic
AksIM-2™ off-axis compact
Orbis™ rotary encoders
RoLin™ incremental system
ATOM™ optical miniature
LinACE™ linear absolute
Customizable
Non-contact magnetic
High repeatability (0.007°)
Positioning accuracy ±0.1°
Multiple communication protocols
Used in PAL Robotics REEM-C
renishaw.com
Robotics Solutions
Global encoder specialist
AMO (HEIDENHAIN Group) Germany WMRA angle encoder systems
Modular unlimited-length scale tape
Specialized Solutions
Custom configurations
Large-scale applications
Via HEIDENHAIN Corporate Group
RENCO (HEIDENHAIN Group) USA R35i series incremental rotary
BLDC/stepper motor feedback
40,000 measuring steps/rev
AGV and mobile robot applications
Via HEIDENHAIN
NUMERIK JENA (HEIDENHAIN Group) Germany LIKselect exposed linear encoders
Gripper Specialist
Limited installation space
High accuracy
Customer-specific design
Via HEIDENHAIN
RSF Elektronik (HEIDENHAIN Group) Germany Customized linear encoders
Angular encoders
Application-specific designs Via HEIDENHAIN
Balluff Germany (Global) Incremental and absolute encoders
Magnetic and optical solutions
Industrial automation focus
IO-Link interfaces
balluff.com

Category 4 Tactile Sensors & Force/Torque Systems

Supplier Location Product Lines Technologies Contact
XELA Robotics Tokyo, Japan
(Waseda University spinout)
uSkin® 3D tactile sensors
uSPa models (adhesive mount)
uSPr models (screw mount)
uAi software platform
CES 2026 Exhibitor 70+ Years Team Experience
3D tactile sensing (pressure + shear)
Up to 64 sensing points per module
0.1 gf resolution
4×4 mm per sensing point
Starting from 4mm thickness
Windows/Linux, ROS/ROS2 compatible
Integrations: Wonik, Sake, Weiss, Robotiq, Tesollo
xelarobotics.com
[email protected]
Live Demos Available
Pressure Profile Systems (PPS) USA RoboTact development kit
RoboTouch sensor technology
Digitacts embedded force sensors
Capacitive Technology
Capacitive tactile sensing
12-24 sensing elements per pad
I²C, SPI digital interfaces
USB, BT5 connectivity
ROS API, demo software
Used in Waseda Twendy-One (241 sensors/hand)
pressureprofile.com
/tactile-sensor-in-robotics
Analog Devices (ADI) USA (Global) Multimodal tactile sensors (prototype)
R&D Stage 5x Human Resolution
MEMS-based fabrication
Pressure + vibration + temperature
5x higher resolution than human fingertip
Scalable semiconductor manufacturing
analog.com
Dr. Tao Yu, Dr. Wenjie Lu (leads)
GelSight USA (MIT spinout) High-resolution tactile imaging
Optical Technology
Gel-based surface texture capture
Quality control applications
Material testing
MIT CSAIL technology
SynTouch USA Tactile sensors for robotics
Prosthetics applications
Consumer product testing
Established presence in tactile sensing
Multiple application areas
Robotics & prosthetics specialist
PaXiniTech China (Waseda University tech) Multidimensional tactile sensors
Robot joint modules
Skin-like Properties
High-sensitivity sensors
Integrated solutions
Waseda robotics lab technology
Tashan (Tsinghua/Manchester) China AI tactile sensing chips
Fingertip sensors, electronic skins
172 Patents
World's first mixed-signal AI haptic chip
Partnerships: Xiaomi, Mercedes-Benz, BMW
Founded 2017
40 core humanoid patents
Shadow Robot Company UK Custom tactile sensors
Shadow Hand integration
Awards.AI 2020
Optical 3D sensors
Magnetic Hall effect arrays
0.01N-80N dynamic range
Multi-axis force feedback
shadowrobot.com/sensors
Dexterous manipulation specialist
Resense Multiple regions Miniature 6-axis force/torque sensors
Compact Design
Service & humanoid robotics
Low latency, high accuracy
Embedded electronics
Featured on humanoidroboticstechnology.com

Major OEM Partnerships & Pilot Programs

Strategic collaborations between humanoid manufacturers and industrial customers

Humanoid OEM Industrial Partner Application Status Details
Figure AI BMW Manufacturing / Assembly Deployed Figure 02 robots working in BMW factory roles
Tightly defined warehouse and assembly tasks
Announced 2024, ongoing deployment
Apptronik Mercedes-Benz Intralogistics / Bin Handling Pilot Apollo robots in Mercedes-Benz plants (Europe)
Light-curtained designated areas
Bin-handling, component transport
Valuation: $5B (Feb 2026)
Funding: $935M total (Series A)
Apptronik GXO Logistics Warehouse Operations Pilot Apollo robots in logistics facilities
Strategic partnership for scaling
Apptronik Jabil Manufacturing Pilot Factory automation applications
Component assembly and handling
Apptronik Google DeepMind AI Development Active Gemini Robotics AI models integration
Powers Apollo's cognitive capabilities
Announced 2025
Agility Robotics Amazon Fulfillment / Logistics Deployed Digit robots in Amazon warehouses
Commercial deployment for picking/stocking
Multi-year deployment agreement
Real revenue-generating application
Agility Robotics GXO Logistics Warehouse Operations Deployed Paid pilot programs
Multi-year commercial deployment
Box handling, shelf stocking
Tesla Tesla (Internal) Factory Operations Pilot Optimus Gen 2/3 in Tesla facilities
Target: 1,000 units deployed in 2025
No external customers yet (Feb 2026)
Fremont factory production ramping
Target price: $20,000-$30,000
Boston Dynamics Hyundai Motor Group Manufacturing / Logistics Development Atlas electric humanoid planned deployment
Automotive sector focus
Multi-year testing and iteration planned
Boston Dynamics Google (via Hyundai) AI Integration Strategic Advanced AI and mobility development
Production advancement partnership
Unitree Robotics Chinese Government Mass Production Subsidies Active $26B+ government support for robotics
140+ companies in ecosystem
Target: Market dominance by 2027
Market share: 90% (China, 2026)
📊 Investment & Funding Trends
Recent Major Rounds:
• Apptronik: $935M Series A ($5B valuation, Feb 2026) - Google co-led
• Figure AI: $675M raised (partnerships with BMW, OpenAI)
• Total sector deal value: $7.3B in H1 2025
• Patent activity peaked mid-2024 (mobility, dexterity, autonomy focus)

ISO Certifications & Safety Standards

Regulatory framework and compliance requirements for humanoid robotics

New 2025 ISO 10218-1:2025 & ISO 10218-2:2025

Scope: Industrial robot safety requirements (design, integration, installation)

Major 2025 Updates:

  • Collaborative Apps Integrated former ISO/TS 15066 requirements
  • Functional Safety Clarified explicit requirements (not implied)
  • Cybersecurity Added requirements for industrial robot safety
  • Humanoids Now includes robots on mobile platforms (fixed manipulator aspects only)
  • EOAT Manual load/unload procedures and end-effector safety guidance

US Adoption: ANSI/RIA R15.06 (being updated to align with ISO 10218:2025)

Published: February 2025

Price: $244 USD (Parts 1 & 2 package)

Deprecated ISO/TS 15066:2016

Status: Content merged into ISO 10218-2:2025

Original Scope: Collaborative robot safety specifications

  • Four Collaboration Methods Power/force limiting, speed/separation monitoring, hand-guiding, safety-rated stop
  • Force Limits Safe contact thresholds for human-robot interaction

US Version: RIA TR R15.606 ("TR 606")

In Development ISO 25785-1 (Proposed)

Scope: Safety standards specifically for humanoid robots

Focus Areas:

  • Risk Assessment Anthropomorphic form-specific protocols
  • Operational Safety Human-robot collaboration in public/workplace settings
  • Movement Safety Bipedal locomotion and dynamic balance hazards

Status: Multi-year international consultation (Barcelona meeting Oct 2025)

ISO 13482:2014

Scope: Personal care and service robots (non-industrial)

Applications:

  • Robot Types Mobile assistants, telepresence, some humanoids
  • Environment Homes, hospitals, public spaces (uncontrolled)
  • Key Concerns Stability, collision avoidance, fail-safe behavior

UL 3300

Scope: Service robots in public and commercial spaces

Focus: Physical safety, collaborative behavior

When to Use: Service-oriented humanoid prototypes and deployments

IEC 61508 (Functional Safety)

Scope: Safety Integrity Levels (SIL) for automated safety functions

Applications: Safety-critical humanoid systems requiring reliable safety performance under fault conditions

Complementary: Used with ISO 13849 for machine control systems

Supporting Technical Reports & Standards

Standard/TR Title Purpose
RIA TR R15.306 Task-Based Risk Assessment One method for R15.06 compliance risk assessment
RIA TR R15.406 Safeguarding System of safeguards design for human workers + robot systems
RIA TR R15.506 Existing Robot Systems Applying R15.06-2012 to existing (not new) installations
RIA TR R15.806 Testing Methods for P&FL Power & force limited collaborative application verification
ANSI/UL 1740-2019 Robots and Robotic Equipment General safety standard for robot devices
ISO 12100 Safety of Machinery General principles for design, risk assessment, risk reduction
ISO 13849 Machine Control Systems Functional safety of control systems (Performance Levels)
ISO/TR 20218-1 End-Effector Safety Design Interface and safety requirements for gripper systems
ANSI/RIA R15.08 Mobile Industrial Robots IMR/AGV safety (Type A/B/C classifications)
CSA Z434 Canadian Robot Safety Being updated to align with ISO 10218:2025
🔒 Key Compliance Notes for Purchasing Managers
Vendor Due Diligence:
• Verify ISO 9001 and AS9100 certifications for harmonic drive suppliers
• Confirm functional safety compliance (ISO 13849, IEC 61508) for control systems
• Request cybersecurity documentation per new ISO 10218:2025 requirements
• Check for third-party testing certifications (TÜV SÜD, UL, others)
• Ensure encoder systems meet EnDat 2.2 with functional safety for collaborative applications

Leading Humanoid Robot Specifications

Comparative technical data for major commercial platforms

Model Manufacturer Physical Specs Actuation Status
Optimus Gen 3 Tesla Height: 5'8" (173 cm)
Weight: 125 lb (57 kg)
Payload: 20 kg
Deadlift: 68 kg
14 rotary actuators (14 harmonic drives)
Hands: 22 DoF + 3 wrist/forearm
Linear actuators (planetary roller screw)
Battery: 4680 cells, 8+ hours
Pilot
Fremont production
Target: $20K-$30K
Figure 02 Figure AI Height: ~5'6" (168 cm)
Weight: ~70 kg
Payload: 20 kg
Full-body actuator system
Zero-backlash harmonic drives
OpenAI integration
Deployed
BMW factories
Est: $30K-$250K
Apollo Apptronik Human-scale dimensions
Modular design
All-purpose modular actuators
Extended operation without recharge
Gemini AI integration
Pilot
Mercedes, GXO, Jabil
$5B valuation
Digit Agility Robotics Height: Variable
Design: Practical bipedal
Optimized for warehouse ops
Proven walking dynamics
Box handling capability
Deployed
Amazon, GXO
$250K+ per unit
Atlas (Electric) Boston Dynamics Height: ~5'9"
Advanced mobility
Electric actuation (new gen)
Industry-leading dynamics
Hyundai partnership
Development
Production advancing
Not for sale
Unitree G1 Unitree Robotics Height: 130 cm (compact)
Vertical jump: 1.4m
High-performance actuators
Extreme cold tested (-47.4°C)
130,000+ autonomous steps
Production
China market leader
$16,000 price point
1X NEO 1X Technologies Consumer-focused design
Home-safe form factor
Expert-guided learning
Household task optimization
Home Deliveries
2026 limited release
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